Scotland bans fracking
4th October 2017 10:03 am
Scotland won’t exploit its unconventional oil and gas reserves following a decision by the Scottish government to ban fracking.
Fracking operation in Lancashire
A moratorium on fracking has been in place since January 2015 and yesterday’s announcement of an outright ban follows a four-month public consultation that received over 60,000 responses.
According to the Scottish government, approximately 99 per cent of the consultation responses were opposed to fracking and fewer than one per cent were in favour.
Those opposed to fracking emphasised the potential for significant, long-lasting negative impacts on communities, health, environment, and climate; expressed scepticism about the ability of regulation to mitigate negative impacts; and were unconvinced about the value of any economic benefit or the contribution of unconventional oil and gas to Scotland’s energy mix.
Paul Wheelhouse, minister for Business, Innovation and Energy said: “Having taken account of the interests of the environment, our economy, public health and the overwhelming majority of public opinion, the decision I am announcing today means fracking cannot and will not take place in Scotland.
“The views expressed through our consultation demonstrated that communities across Scotland, particularly in densely populated areas where developments could potentially take place, are not convinced there is a strong national economic argument when balanced against the risk and disruption they anticipate in areas, such as transport, pollution and crucially, their health and wellbeing.
“Scotland’s chemicals industry has conveyed strong views on the potential impact of shale on the sector. I want to be clear that regardless of our position on unconventional oil and gas, our support for Scotland’s industrial base and manufacturing is unwavering.”
Reacting to yesterday’s announcement, Prof Stuart Haszeldine, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, said: “The consultation replies from citizens shows they are very clearly prepared to forgo the doubtful possibility of short-term financial gain for the longer term benefits of moving to a cleaner economy and air quality. This is continuing the decline of fossil fuels, and moving to a different sort of wealth.”
Reserves
In 2014 the British Geological Survey’s report of the resources in the Midland Valley, Scotland, suggested there is a modest amount of gas and oil in place. The central estimate of shale gas in place is 80 trillion cubic feet, whilst the central estimate for shale oil in place is six billion barrels of oil.
By comparison, a central estimate for Bowland shale in northern England comes to 1,300 trillion cubic feet of gas in place, and a central estimate of 4.4 billion barrels of oil in place in the Weald basin situated in southern England.
Reserves that could be extracted in the Midland Valley were thought to be considerably lower than the estimate. A statement issued by the former UK government Department for Energy & Climate Change in June, 2014 said: “Estimates are particularly uncertain [in the Midland Valley] because the area has fewer...
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Last week’s poll: Should the UK review its onshore wind policy?
3rd October 2017 10:52 am
Readers of The Engineer are split between backing subsidies for onshore wind and leaving the sector to fend for itself in the open market.
Our poll last week attracted 414 responses, but the result was inconclusive with no clear majority view emerging. The largest group of respondees, 40 per cent, concluded that onshore wind was doing fine without government help (subsidies were withdrawn in 2016), but the next largest, 32 per cent, called for the restoration of subsidies.
Considering the level of hostility we often see to onshore wind, the proportion of respondents calling for an immediate end to development of onshore wind was surprisingly small, at 21 per cent. A further seven per cent declined to pick an option.
The discussion section was quite restrained in comparison to recent weeks, with 19 comments. Many of these compared the level of subsidy for “green” generation with that for nuclear (which is also, of course, classified as low carbon, although few if any would call it renewable).
“For environmental and consumer interests, cheap clean and renewables is the only way forward. Onshore windfarms are far less intrusive than a nuclear station, fracking site and the toxic waste disposal sites that will come with them,” said Dawn Tibble. Michael Reed agreed: “With proposals of enormous subsidies for problematic and expensive nuclear new build – and even bigger subsidies for tidal lagoons – why not invest in our future to massively increase the use of this elegantly simple, cheap and now very reliable source of never ending energy?” he asked. “The UK’s west coast has enough onshore wind energy resource to supply its needs four times over. The best place in the whole of Europe in fact. It’s cheaper than offshore wind, it doesn’t cover up agricultural land like PV, and after 50 years of technical development [it is] a mature technology.”
Tom Foreman offered another perspective. “Onshore wind doesn’t need subsidies as much as it needs planning permission which the Tory Government currently oppose although there was talk of relaxing their stance in Scotland,” he said. “It’s a shame that onshore wind doesn’t get the same preferential treatment that Fracking gets where the Government can overturn local planning decisions and push planning permission through.” And Jack Broughton, a regular and vocal opponent of wind energy in our discussions, offered two arguments against subsidies: “It is subsidised as over double the cost of coal fired generation… which forces electricity companies to buy or pay for the potential; and it does not cover the cost of generating plant that has to be available/used to back-up periods of low or non-generation. This is a large cost that used to be applied to unreliable generators in the CEGB days and should still apply.”
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To All of Our Marketing-People; Supporting-Loyalists/-Royalists; Meaningful-Incliners; Influential-Modalists; Perpetual-Informants; Methodological-Investigators; ...:
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UK engineering contractors increase by over two thirds
4th October 2017 7:00 am
The number of engineering contractors in the UK has increased by over two thirds to 68 per cent over the last five years, according to data obtained by Nixon Williams.
The data shows that the number of engineering contractors went from 32,911 in 2011 to 55,393 in 2016, a rise of 68.3 per cent per cent. At the same time, the number of employees in the engineering sector increased by 0.9 per cent, from 203,000 to 205,000.
According to Nixon Williams, a services provider to engineering contractors, the number of self-employed people in the engineering sector has increased at more than three times the rate of the whole economy. The number of self-employed workers in all sectors increased by 17.5 per cent since 2011, from 3,975,152 to 4,672,472.
The growth in self-employment in the engineering sector has been driven disproportionately by women, though the gender imbalance remains stark: 3.2 per cent of engineering contractors are women (1,784) compared to 2.4 per cent in 2011 (800).
According to the Office for National Statistics, which supplied the data, a person is self-employed if they: run their business for themselves and take responsibility for its success or failure. Self-employment can be in the form of a sole trader, a partnership (two or more people who run a business) and an owner of a limited liability company (also responsible running the business).
Derek Kelly, CEO of Nixon Williams, said: “The increase in the proportion of the engineering workforce operating as contractors has been driven by demand from both engineering professionals and engineering businesses.
“Skills shortages in the engineering sector, which are being exacerbated by mega projects, such as Crossrail, HS2 and Hinkley Point C, have enabled engineers to be increasingly selective about work, which has made contracting more appealing.
“Contracting was traditionally seen as the riskier option but the erosion of employment rights since the financial crisis have changed that perception. Contracting is increasingly both a career and a lifestyle choice. In high demand areas, such as engineering, contractors are often at no greater risk of being out of work than employees, and the higher take-home pay is usually sufficient to cover any gaps between contracts.”
He added: “Engineering businesses are shifting towards greater use of contractors as it allows more flexible and cost-effective workforce management. Contractors are like a tap they can turn on and off as workloads vary, while they retain a relatively smaller core of permanent employees.”
Nixon Williams said that contracting is particularly suited to women who may have childcare responsibilities. Contractors can choose not to work during the school holidays, and usually have greater flexibility than permanent employees about the hours they work and from which location.
Kelly said: “There are more women in engineering in both permanent and temporary roles, but the increasing proportion of contractors who are women is particularly significant as contractors tend to earn more than their permanent counterparts, which suggests that the pay gap between men and women in the engineering sector is likely to be narrowing.”
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Cambridgeshire firm designs ‘smarter’ smart meter
2nd October 2017 11:13 am
A UK engineering consultancy has developed a new type of smart meter that breaks down energy by appliance type, giving users better tools to reduce their overall use.
Known as Triple Ohm, the patented technology is the work of 42 Technology, a multidisciplinary firm headquartered in St Ives, near Cambridge. According to the company, Triple Ohm works by monitoring changes in the high frequency current or voltage harmonics of a power supply when specific appliances are used.
As different appliances have different energy signatures, by using data analytics and proprietary algorithms, the technology is able to calculate energy consumption per device. This information can be delivered in real time via a smartphone app or included as a summary in household bills.
“42 Technology has recently been awarded an Innovate UK Energy Catalyst 4 grant to help us demonstrate the feasibility of using Triple Ohm technology to identify different appliance types and to separate out their demands from a single metering point,” said Jeremy Carey, managing director of 42 Technology.
“We have already built a number of demonstration units, several team members have had them installed in their homes as part of a field trial, and we are starting to collect real usage data to show to potential development partners.”
The UK government is currently in the midst of an £11bn smart meter rollout, but doubts have been raised as to the efficacy of the project. Most smart meters being deployed can only inform customers on their overall use levels, without providing a breakdown of appliance use or recommending where energy can be saved. 42 Technology says that when consumers are presented with more detail on their energy habits, studies have shown that domestic consumption falls by an average of 12 per cent.
As well as providing an appliance breakdown, Triple Ohm can also identify how individual appliances are operating under load, potentially highlighting performance issues. According to 42 Technology, initial studies have shown the technology can differentiate between a vacuum cleaner with a full or empty bag. This type of analysis could be developed into a tool to alert customers when appliances require servicing.
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